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Arrays.sort和Collections.sort實現(xiàn)原理解析

更新時間:2019年04月17日16時25分 來源:傳智播客java培訓(xùn) 瀏覽次數(shù):

    1、使用
    排序
    2、原理
    事實上Collections.sort方法底層就是調(diào)用的array.sort方法,而且不論是Collections.sort或者是Arrays.sort方法,跟蹤下源代碼吧,首先我們寫個demo

  public static void main(String[] args) {

  List strings = Arrays.asList("6", "1", "3", "1","2");

  Collections.sort(strings);//sort方法在這里

  for (String string : strings) {

  System.out.println(string);

  }

  }

  簡單得不能再簡單的方法了,讓我們一步步跟蹤

  OK,往下面看,發(fā)現(xiàn)collections.sort方法調(diào)用的list.sort

Arrays.sort和Collections.sort實現(xiàn)原理解析

  然后跟蹤一下,list里面有個sort方法,但是list是一個接口,肯定是調(diào)用子類里面的實現(xiàn),這里我們demo使用的是一個Arrays.asList方法,所以事實上我們的子類就是arraylist了。OK,看arraylist里面sort實現(xiàn),選擇第一個,為什么不選擇第二個呢?(可以看二樓評論,解答得很正確,簡單說就是用Arrays.sort創(chuàng)建的ArrayList對象)

arrays.sort

  OK,發(fā)現(xiàn)里面調(diào)用的Arrays.sort(a, c); a是list,c是一個比較器,我們來看一下這個方法

Arrays.sort和Collections.sort實現(xiàn)原理解析

  我們沒有寫比較器,所以用的第二項,LegacyMergeSort.userRequested這個bool值是什么呢?

  跟蹤這個值,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有這樣的一段定義:

  > Old merge sort implementation can be selected (for

  > compatibility with broken comparators) using a system property.

  > Cannot be a static boolean in the enclosing class due to

  > circular dependencies. To be removed in a future release.

  反正是一種老的歸并排序,不用管了現(xiàn)在默認(rèn)是關(guān)的

  OK,我們走的是sort(a)這個方法,接著進(jìn)入這個

  接著看我們重要的sort方法

  static void sort(Object[] a, int lo, int hi, Object[] work, int workBase, int workLen) {

  assert a != null && lo >= 0 && lo <= hi && hi <= a.length;

  int nRemaining = hi - lo;

  if (nRemaining < 2)

  return; // array的大小為0或者1就不用排了

  // 當(dāng)數(shù)組大小小于MIN_MERGE(32)的時候,就用一個"mini-TimSort"的方法排序,jdk1.7新加

  if (nRemaining < MIN_MERGE) {

  //這個方法比較有意思,其實就是將我們最長的遞減序列,找出來,然后倒過來

  int initRunLen = countRunAndMakeAscending(a, lo, hi);

  //長度小于32的時候,是使用binarySort的

  binarySort(a, lo, hi, lo + initRunLen);

  return;

  }

  //先掃描一次array,找到已經(jīng)排好的序列,然后再用剛才的mini-TimSort,然后合并,這就是TimSort的核心思想

  ComparableTimSort ts = new ComparableTimSort(a, work, workBase, workLen);

  int minRun = minRunLength(nRemaining);

  do {

  // Identify next run

  int runLen = countRunAndMakeAscending(a, lo, hi);

  // If run is short, extend to min(minRun, nRemaining)

  if (runLen < minRun) {

  int force = nRemaining <= minRun ? nRemaining : minRun;

  binarySort(a, lo, lo + force, lo + runLen);

  runLen = force;

  }

  // Push run onto pending-run stack, and maybe merge

  ts.pushRun(lo, runLen);

  ts.mergeCollapse();

  // Advance to find next run

  lo += runLen;

  nRemaining -= runLen;

  } while (nRemaining != 0);

  // Merge all remaining runs to complete sort

  assert lo == hi;

  ts.mergeForceCollapse();

  assert ts.stackSize == 1;

  }

  回到5,我們可以看到當(dāng)我們寫了比較器的時候就調(diào)用了TimSort.sort方法,源碼如下

  static void sort(T[] a, int lo, int hi, Comparator c,

  T[] work, int workBase, int workLen) {

  assert c != null && a != null && lo >= 0 && lo <= hi && hi <= a.length;

  int nRemaining = hi - lo;

  if (nRemaining < 2)

  return; // Arrays of size 0 and 1 are always sorted

  // If array is small, do a "mini-TimSort" with no merges

  if (nRemaining < MIN_MERGE) {

  int initRunLen = countRunAndMakeAscending(a, lo, hi, c);

  binarySort(a, lo, hi, lo + initRunLen, c);

  return;

  }

  /**

  * March over the array once, left to right, finding natural runs,

  * extending short natural runs to minRun elements, and merging runs

  * to maintain stack invariant.

  */

  TimSort ts = new TimSort<>(a, c, work, workBase, workLen);

  int minRun = minRunLength(nRemaining);

  do {

  // Identify next run

  int runLen = countRunAndMakeAscending(a, lo, hi, c);

  // If run is short, extend to min(minRun, nRemaining)

  if (runLen < minRun) {

  int force = nRemaining <= minRun ? nRemaining : minRun;

  binarySort(a, lo, lo + force, lo + runLen, c);

  runLen = force;

  }

  // Push run onto pending-run stack, and maybe merge

  ts.pushRun(lo, runLen);

  ts.mergeCollapse();

  // Advance to find next run

  lo += runLen;

  nRemaining -= runLen;

  } while (nRemaining != 0);

  // Merge all remaining runs to complete sort

  assert lo == hi;

  ts.mergeForceCollapse();

  assert ts.stackSize == 1;

  }

  和上面的sort方法是一樣的,其實也就是TimSort的源代碼

  3、總結(jié)

  不論是Collections.sort方法或者是Arrays.sort方法,底層實現(xiàn)都是TimSort實現(xiàn)的,這是jdk1.7新增的,以前是歸并排序。TimSort算法就是找到已經(jīng)排好序數(shù)據(jù)的子序列,然后對剩余部分排序,然后合并起來(文章轉(zhuǎn)載于csdn.net/u011410529/article/details/56668545

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